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Thursday, 13 January 2022

INTERNSHIP REPORT on Information Technology and Management Consulting: Unquenchable Synergy

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INTERNSHIP REPORT on Information Technology and Management Consulting: Unquenchable Synergy






INTERNSHIP REPORT

on

Information Technology and Management Consulting: Unquenchable Synergy




 Declaration

I ………., a student of ….department at Institut Supérieur d'Informatique declare that this report on Chowdhury Aktar and Associates Inc. has been authentically prepared by me. During the preparation of this internship report, I diligently avoid any copyright infringement and I also declare that I have not submit this report to any other institution for awarding any degree of certificate.

……………………………………………………..


ID:


Prepared by Ikawo Emmanuel











ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would start by thanking my mentor Mr. Mehran Chowdhury who has helped me immensely and provided me with all the mentorship, supports, guidance and information. I want to thank him for giving me the opportunity to do my internship with Chowdhury Aktar and Associates Inc., it was a unique experience to be in their organization and have access to world class IT solutions. This has helped get back my interest in Information Technology and to have new plans for my future career. I would like to thank everyone at Jamun IT Solutions, especially Mr-------, he allow me to carry out this interesting internship in the Information Technology department. I would also love to thank all the people that worked in the office for their patience and openness, they created an enjoyable working environment. We experienced great things together and they have shown me a beautiful part of life.

Furthermore, I would like to thank my honorable faculty ………… who has provided me with all the vital information and guidance needed to complete this internship report. I would like to thank ……………… for all her support, necessary tips and guidelines from beginning to the end of my internship, and the entire team for being helpful and supportive in every little help I needed and for creating the opportunity for me to bring out my best performance. Also, I would like to thank my team leader ………… (post and department) for teaching me all the basics of my tasks and patiently showing me very elaborate details and guiding me throughout my internship period. I am very much thankful to Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions, its management, especially employees of information technology department for their cordial support and tutoring throughout my internship and in providing all necessary information needed to prepare this internship report.

Finally, a big appreciation to all my friends who also supported me during the preparation of this report and express my gratitude to everyone involved to make it a success.





EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report is a detailed overview of my internship journey Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions. During my Internship I have learned a lot about management consulting with domestic and International firms. I have learnt so much about management consulting especially in areas of governance, organization design, strategy, mergers,  reorganizations, strategic leadership, operations, finance, risk management, digital transformation, information technology, organizational change management, organization development, human resources, talent management, advertising, and marketing. During my time at Chowdhury Aktar and Associates Inc., I learnt how to work in a corporate space which not only enriched me professionally but also helped me grow personally as well. During my internship, I learned different technology and skills, different programming, networking and security concepts. I would like to enhance my skills and built my professional career as programmer, program development. My contribution was appreciated by my supervisor Mr. Mehran Chowdhury and other members of the organization. The career path I would be selecting for myself in the future may be influenced from my internship especially in the area of programming, as I have had a great opportunity to practically see how different projects are managed successfully.The internship programme have positively impact my life generally and I have summarized my overall experience, with my learning and challenges faced as an intern.









INTRODUCTION

Internship

The concepts of Internships have been in practice for a long time. Furco (1996) defined internships as programmes engaging students in service activities primarily for the purpose of providing them with hands-on experience that enhances their learning or understanding of issues relevant to a particular area of study. McMahon and Quinn (1995) on the other hand noted that internships are supervised work experiences whereby students leave their institutions and get engaged in work related programmes, during which period they are closely supervised by experienced job incumbents. Many researchers and organizations have applaud the effectiveness of internship programme as it contributes significantly and positively towards enhancing the knowledge base and motivational level of students (Beard, 1998).

Management Consulting

Management consulting is a practice that helps organizations improves their performance.  Consulting firms help organizations systematically support change management, coaching skill development, process analysis, technology implementation, strategy development, or operational improvement services. Business consultants often use their own methodologies or frameworks to guide problem identification and  serve as the basis for making recommendations on how to perform work tasks more effectively or efficiently. Management consulting firms work with both domestic and global firms (executives, leaders and teams) to identify and solve complex business, organizational and operational challenges and define and improve processes. Management consultants have the opportunity to work with executives and senior teams members within the organization, which helps to foster strong relationships and build supportive networks. The profession involves frequent and heavy travel schedules, long working hours, continuous learning and development, close teamwork, and a focus on short-term and long-term projects.

According to Forbes, the core work of a management consulting firms tends to fall within one or more of these three categories:

Functional Expertise and Specializations: Management consulting firms provide industry counsel, advice and functional expertise in specialized areas such as governance, organization design, strategy, mergers,  reorganizations, strategic leadership, operations, finance, risk management, digital transformation, information technology, organizational change management, organization development, human resources, talent management, advertising, and marketing.

Objective Analyses and Assessments: A management consultant serves as an objective third party to conduct in-depth research and analysis and then provides an unbiased opinion and perspective on difficult matters and complex business problems and issues.

Project Management: Management consultants work directly with senior leadership and internal project teams to deliver hands-on project management and leadership consulting to include project implementation, execution and measurement.

Chowdhury Aktar and Associates is one of the best in project management, governance, organization design, strategy, mergers,  reorganizations, strategic leadership, operations, finance, risk management, digital transformation, information technology, organizational change management, organization development, human resources, talent management, advertising, and marketing. They help third party organizations to conduct in-depth research and analysis and then provides an unbiased opinion and perspective on difficult matters and complex business problems and issues.


 COMPANY PRESENTATION

Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information Technology department Jamun IT Solutions

Chowdhury Aktar & Associates is a management consulting firm headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. They are entirely devoted to establishing an integrated quality management practice.  Chowdhury Aktar & Associates has the vision to be one of the leading management consulting companies. They are constantly innovating to find better ways to serve their clients and customers by helping them take their business to the next level. They are passionate about helping their clients solve complex organizational problems and main goal is to build strong and long-lasting connections and relationships with different organizations. Their vision is to be the driving administration counseling firm.

Chowdhury Aktar and Associates is an organization with adhocracy culture which is based on energy and creativity with friendly environment. They provided us opportunities to cultivate within organization. They offered open minded and supportive attitude that defines mentee- mentor relationship and ensured detailed work and commitment to reach set goals. The management is flexible towards employee's schedule, not only good listener but provide essential solution without being judgmental.

The CEO of Chowdhury Aktar and Associates is Mr. Mehran Chowdhury. Mr. Mehran Chowdhury is entrepreneur and handling numerous businesses, he encourages his staff not only to grow professionally but enhance personal growth. He provided us his valuable time and commitment, was willing to share information and always there to guide us. He used to point us with feedback and challenges to grow in field and gain more knowledge. Apart from the CEO, everyone was easy to approach,

Chowdhury Aktar & Associates is committed to making extraordinary encounters with clients as they enhance and try to find better ways for their clients to improve organizational performance. Many firms and clients turn to Chowdhury Aktar & Associates for indispensable management and technology insights, advice, and tools. Chowdhury Aktar & Associates specializes in Placement Agency, Recruitment Firm, Human Resources, Business Consultation, Staffing. Talent Acquisition, Staffing Firm, Staffing Agency, Recruitment Agency, and B2B. Chowdhury Aktar & Associates company has another department for IT services which known as Jamun IT Solutions.

Jamun IT Solutions is an IT consulting firm headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. Founded in 2020. Their specialties include: VoIP, GoToConnect, CRM, Cloud Services, Cloud PBX, Microsoft Azure, Dynamics 365, Avast Antivirus, Web Hosting, GSuite, Office 365, Microsoft, Google, and Private Cloud. Jamun IT Solutions vision is to be the leading IT consulting firm by creating exceptional experiences by satisfying customer’s need by being innovative and always finding better ways for their clients and their client’s customers through their services to take their business to the next level.

Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and Jamun IT Solution provide indispensable management and technology insights, advice, and tools to all their clients.

6.  INTERNSHIP DEPARTMENT/SERVICE

My internship with Chowdhury Aktar & Associates saw me worked with the Jamun IT Solutions  department. During this internship period I got opportunity to enhance my technical skills. I had opportunity to carry out different analysis. I had hands-on experience and did detailed analysis of all given task and divide them in according to deadline which help me to achieve excellent and timely delivery and this has immensely help me in learning skills.

My service in Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and Jamun IT Solution include:

Programming:  I got opportunity to work on different project which gave me enough chance to sharpen my skills in C#, SQL, NET, NetBean, HTML, CSS3, W3C validation, CSS Formatter, and Java. I have also learnt different software development cycle as we follow different software development cycle for different project I also get rich understanding of how it works and important expects of that. Among them I am very comfortable with Agile.

During my internship duration I also learned different technology and skills, different programming, networking and security concepts. I also offered support in maintaining hardware, software, and other systems. Helped them organized and maintained IT resources, Assisted with troubleshooting issues and provided technical supports and also Assisted in IT support in areas such as cybersecurity, programming, analytics, and database management.

I would like to enhance my skills and built my professional career as programmer especially in program development






OBJECTIVES OF THE INTERNSHIP

Internship is an opportunity for real time exposure of students to have practical and on-field experience of skills that I studied in college or versatile study platforms. The internship programme at has enabled me to:

Gain valuable work experience: The hands-on work experience I receive is invaluable and cannot be obtained in a classroom setting, making this one of the most important benefits of internships to me. The internship has given me the opportunity to apply my acquired knowledge to real work experiences, witnessing firsthand the day-to-day job duties I expect to encounter in my future chosen field. In addition to learning the specialized skills in my specialized field I had opportunity to learn other transferable skills such as communication, teamwork, and computer proficiency which would made me fully prepared to enter the workforce upon graduation.

Explore a career path: One of the most important step in my academic presently is exploring my career path. The internship has helped me get acquainted with the field and business aspect of my career path. It has helped me get more interests in my desired field and helped me decide if the field is right for me. The internship now make me feel confident that my chosen field is the right path.

Develop and refine skills: The internship had help me learn a lot about my strengths and weaknesses. The Internship have allow me get feedbacks from supervisors and others who are established in the field. This has offered me a unique learning opportunity that I may not have gained as a working adult who might be more focused on the amount they will earn. I welcomed feedbacks and criticizens.I embrace the mistakes i make as an intern and the many things that i won’t know. Generally during my internship, I ask questions, observe, and take risks to get the most out of my internship training experience.

Network with professionals in the field: In the working world, it’s all about who you know. As an intern, I was opportune to be surrounded by professionals in the industry. For me, internship is more than just about earning credit, getting a grade, or making money; internships provide me with opportunity to learn from professionals and all the people around me. I was able to ask questions, and able to impress. The professionals I encounter during my internship will forever remain my connects and could even be future colleagues or the connection to my first job.

Gain confidence: Internships allow you to test out specific techniques learned in the classroom before entering the working world. It’s an opportunity to apply what you have learned in a safe environment where mistakes are expected – rather than learn the hard way in your first job out of college.

Transition into a job: Many companies such as Chowdhury Aktar & Associates use internships as a way to enhance their recruitment efforts. Even if a job offer doesn’t happen right away, my favorable impression could earn me an offer down the line when an opening occurs in the future.

 Through internship I found of many new technologies that will aid me to fulfill tasks that relevant to my desired career path and sharpening the skills that I already possess Internship is best way to learn how to handle the working through hand-on experience, technologies that will be aid me to fulfil tasks that relevant to my desired career path and sharpening the skills that I already possess. Internship is best way to learn how to handle the working through hand-on experience.










DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE MISSION AND THE TASKS CARRIED OUT DURING THE INTERNSHIP

Internship in an information technology in an IT solutions firm like Jamun IT Solutions, one of the primary responsibilities of every intern is to follow directions given by supervisors and gain practical experience. Most of the tasks we carried out revolves around assisting in generating codes and building a database, we participate in troubleshooting, and developing network systems under the supervision of more experienced professional colleagues. Most of our tasks vary depending on the directions and instructions given by supervisors. This is why it essential to always coordinate with team members and adhere to the guidelines and policies of supervisors and management.

During my internship at Jamun IT Solutions, I:

1. Supported the IT team in maintaining hardware, software, and other systems

2. Organized and maintained IT resources.

3. Assisted with troubleshooting issues and provided technical supports.

4. Assisted in IT support in areas such as cybersecurity, programming, analytics, and database management.

The different tasks I carried out has sharpen my knowledge in Java, .NET, JavaScript, HTML/DHTML, C#, SQL, NetBean, HTML, CSS3, W3C validation, CSS Formatter and Microsoft Office Suite.


ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED

My internship at Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions was a huge success as we obtained many successful results from various tasks, especially tasks whose results were shared back with us the interns. We obtained a lot of success in all tasks done within the organization like administrative tasks.

The following are some of the tasks we carried out successfully:

1. Helped with brainstorming sessions

2. Managed the company's social media accounts

3. Trained newer interns

4. Review company materials

5. Created Company Presentations

6. Attended company networking events

7. Entered data into spreadsheets

8. Asked customers for feedback

9. Drafted internal communications

10. Kept an organized workspace

11. Figured out better systems

12. Did research for a new projects

13. Learnt more about Competitors

14. Meta tagging and descriptions

15. Web analytics reporting

16. Website content SEO clean-up

17. Programming

1. Help with brainstorming sessions

At various times in Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions meetings for brainstorming sessions. We interns were invited to join. We share some innovative ideas. This brought huge success to Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions. This experience also helps us to learn to speak up in group settings and collaborate with others.

2. Manage the company's social media accounts

At various time I assisted in Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions web analytics reporting. I used the organization’s Google Analytics to answer business questions like where are we growing regionally and online over the past year. I also help to keep the organizations voice online. As an intern, i participate in social media management and analytics to help them analyze the data and then come up with sample posts for different social media platform. I was asked to create posts on behalf of the company and respond to customers online. Social media skills are valuable for many professionals in today’s world for individuals and firms. At various stages, our social media account management for the company brought huge success and great online presence.

3. Train newer interns

New interns coming in to Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions after us were assigned to each f us for trainings. As more experienced interns, we help train any incoming interns since we have went through similar training when we first started. This was a huge relief for company’s staff and senior colleagues.

4. Reviewed Company Materials

As intern at Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions, I was charged at many occasions with the task to update and benchmark the organization chart, especially out of date materials. We undertook a revamp project on the organization chart by reviewing the existing structure and then create a good looking visual with Draw.io to outline departments, titles and names. We also used causeiq.com to manage the staffing arrangements with similar organizations, because finding out which positions others in your field have that you don’t can be quite revealing and potential strategies to compete successfully. In general, we looked over different company materials and see if there is anything we can change. We were able to successfully transform and improve the company’s website, social media pages, marketing materials and employee handbook.

5. Created Company Presentation

At Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions. Interns were asked to create presentations for company’s business presentation, staff trainings, intern trainings, etc. This has helped me become more familiar with PowerPoint programs and improved my public speaking skills, a useful skill for any professionals to have. 

6. Attended Company Networking Events

At Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions, I was given the opportunity to plan and support events and major meetings. As a detail oriented intern, I was assigned as assistant to meetings and major events. My tasks include can prepare meetings venue, refine guest lists, do community outreach, etc. Many of the meetings and events were great success. Generally Mr Chowdhury Aktar invites interns to come to company networking events and this gave us the opportunity to connect with other professionals in the industry. 

7. Entered Data into Spreadsheets

Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions assigned me with data entry into spreadsheets and this can range from cleaning and completing Sales force, spreadsheet, CRM or other databases for stakeholders. At the beginning I was only allowed to work on dev copy and prevented me from editing live databases. This has allowed me to know how to use spreadsheet software which is a useful skill in many professions. This has successfully help the company to manage databases and all support systems such as the Decision Support System (DSS), Executive Support System (ESS), etc.

8. Asked Customers for Feedbacks

Interns like me at Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions are assigned to get customer feedbacks to enable them understand clients need and create a super customer support. We monitor emails from company’s websites contact us forms that people then slowly respond to. I used Zendesk to set up a legitimate user ticketing and response system, allowing the firm to provide enterprise level support for all clients around basic topics that borders client or may cause customer dissatisfaction.

9. Draft internal communications (Internal documentation, Program Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ))

During my internship at Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions, I was opportune to interview the major departments and create a master Frequently Asked Questions and documents that explains the different acronyms and concepts that outsiders may not know. This enabled new employees, future interns, and even new vendors to help understand company acronyms and help them get up to speed faster. I also wrote company's internal communications like company-wide announcements or draft up important emails.

10. Keep an organized workspace

Every organization has that room that has become a disaster and Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions are not exempted. Interns were assigned at different times to keep organized workspace. We also classify and categorize online file spaces on the cloud.

11. Figure out better systems

At Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions, interns are assigned to look at the current way the company operates and we made own suggestions. Many of the suggestion were adopted to form a better system. 

12. Do research for a new project

As interns, we are tasked to do some preliminary research on every new project. This has helped me improve my research skills which would assist me in my future profession and endearvours. As interns, we try to figure out things like the resources, budget and timeline that would be needed for a project.

13. Learn more about competitors:Ask your interns to use their spare time to research competitors. This is a great way for your company to keep up with what's going on in your industry. They can also look into recent market trends to help your business stay current.


14. Meta Tagging and Descriptions

At Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions, Interns we were given assignments to clean up tagging and past content on platforms like Facebooks, LinkedIn, etc., which will help in the company’s discoverability. I wote many meta descriptions for main pages on the company’s that help indexing of their website.

15. Web analytics reporting

At Chowdhury Aktar & Associates and its Information technology department Jamun IT Solutions we also dig into the organization’s Google Analytics and clients having analytics issues on their website to improve their visibility in search results and help answer business questions like where are they growing regionally and online over the past year.

16. Website content SEO clean-up

I also used Google Analytics to identify frequently visited pages that have been ignored and update content with new statistics, research, and internal cross links and this greatly help the organization experience SEO growth of those pages. 


DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF TEAMWORK AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

One of the most valuable skill I developed from my internship is the ability to communicate with people in a professional way. Discussions with coworkers and mentor were different form discussion with educator and classmates. I have accomplished new concepts, troubleshooting skills. I will apply those skills and quality to my job profile in different platforms such as Linkedin and my resume, this will escalate my opportunity in professional market.

The various teams I worked with and exposure to different work environment has given me some level of confidence which would give me an edge in the job market

The different task enabled me have extensive communications with professional colleagues and this has drastically helped me with strong verbal and written communication, gave me excellent analytical and problem-solving skills and more importantly ability to work well in teams. It has also helped me developed strong work ethic and attention to details.

I had benefits to create many friends which enhanced my interpersonal relationships, other vital benefits were my ability to gain hands-on experience on IT solutions to different organizational problems. Shadowing and training experiences with knowledgeable professionals and opportunity to attend networking events and company meetings really changed my understanding and improved my expertise.

All the various internship experience would help me stand out to potential employers, make me more marketable as I will require less training and can handle more responsibilities and may also qualify me to receive a higher starting salary than those who do not have internship experience and are entering the workforce or starting a new career even if I was not paid during my internship.

DIFFICULTIES AND CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED DURING THE INTERNSHIP

Challenges are inevitable during internship and below are few of my challenges I faced during my internship:

Lack of clear Learning Objectives 

No financial compensation 

Short duration of Internship 

Poor Work recognition 

Little Enough Work

Too Much Work

Afraid to Ask Questions

Competition With Other Interns

My Work Is Not Used

Supervisors Forget That I’m New to the Field

A New Lifestyle 

1. Lack of clear Learning Objectives: Learning objectives were not clear as tasks were not properly assigned. Learning objectives should be clearly defined, to help students learn adequately.

2. No financial compensation: My internships was so challenging as I wasn’t paid and have to manage myself financially throughout the duration of the internship.

3. Short duration of Internship: The period of internship was very short and didn't allow me to get full knowledge of the programming and program development field where i specifically developed interest. This is consistent with the observation of Oliver (2010) that the short amount of time an internship lasts really never lets the student become a fully functional employee because there is not so much to take in for them.

4. Poor Work recognition: Every human likes and expect recognition for a job well done. As an intern, I did very good job but still, find myself in a position where my contribution is hardly appreciated. That is sometimes discouraging.

5. Little and not Enough Work: Some days, there’s not enough work assigned to me. I finish it quickly and will later get bored, feel underutilized, strumming my fingers at my desk, and tempted to do some unrelated things like visiting social media.

6. Too Much Work: Some days, they offered us too much task that at the end of the day work, I feel so exhausted and completely tired. Although, this is sometimes due to emergency delivery required by clients. Work should be properly allocated to ensure we experience less stress. Scheduling should ensure each working days has adequate tasks.

7. Afraid to ask Questions: Many times I may want ask questions but I may be afraid to ask due to the reason that I cant read the mood of the supervisors or senior colleagues. Although they try to be as friendly as possible and try to be so vivid, I still finds some challenges but afraid to ask questions

8. Competition with Other Interns: Well, for me, competition with other interns started from getting placement which was so difficult, many firms are not willing to take interns because they might have other people in the background who introduce interns directly to their organization. When I finally started, I discovered another stage of competition, many interns are competing for a future job opening or a good letter of recommendation and are willing to basterdize one’s work to get their desires. Another competition I experienced working with a fellow intern was working with project snatchers. Some interns wants to get all the recognitions for other’s job. On days I was out, another intern completed my projects I have been working on and summated it to the supervisor under her own name.

9. My Work Is Not Used: When my supervisor gives a project that I finally feel that I will make use of my academic education skill, sometime after successful completion of project, it ends up never being used, published, or getting lost on their desk and efforts become wasted. Not only is this frustrating because of my seemingly wasted time and effort, but it makes me less motivated for projects in the future.

10. Supervisors Forgot That I’m New on the Field: Sometimes my supervisor gives me a task, but the directions don't quite make sense to me because he uses all the professional terms and provided llittle information forget i am just a new intern on the field.

11. A New Lifestyle: Getting off every day to resume to an office is very different from the school life I was used to. I have to start getting used to a new lifestyle that is quite jarring. Instead of waking up at 8am and going to a few classes a day, during internship I’m sitting at a desk 9 to 5. The appalling part of the job is the hours and the new living situation clearly make socializing more difficult than before.

I endured all the challenges during my internship because to me the learning is of utmost benefit and paramount. Every unit of training I got during the internship was vital for me as it enhance my growth, improves my knowledge and prepared me for future tasks and projects ahead of the 






LEARNING AND PERSONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE INTERNSHIP

Before jumping to job market, I will do self assessment through my experience in internship I will look for my positive sites and improve my respective skills. As I was part of Chowdary Aktar & Associates group as intern, I will ask them regarding full-time position, as well as I will research market and find companies, industries or position that satisfy my career desire. I will keep contact with my collogues to have information for market and to built strong professional contact.

CONCLUSION

Internships have been hailed for integrating classroom education with practical experience in enabling graduates to develop their professional knowledge and professional skills (Beard, 1998). However, unlike in the conventional system and owing to a diversity of factors in an ODL setting, the concept has encountered challenges.

In general, this is an ideal course with optimum aptitudes and technical knowledge. Yet, I wish if school can add more practical subjects which empowers construct their own custom automation is skill today's market and organization require it so college can include more concept towards automation in networking, this will help students who eager to join big organization.

RECOMMENDATIONS

A number of recommendations can be drawn from my experience during my internship. I will like to recommend that:

1. The university should be actively involved in assisting students in getting organizations where they can enroll for their internship.

2. Organizations accepting students for internship should offer to pay the interns at least small token for the duration of their stay.

3. The university should increase internship duration.

4. Credible organizations should be approached by the university to offer placement for interns and there should be thorough examination of these organizations to ascertain their capacities to train students and establish the levels of personnel qualifications. 

5. Legislation should be enacted to protect interns against exploitation by unscrupulous employers.


















REFERENCES

Chowdary Aktar & Associates. About us. https://www.chowdhuryaktar.associates/03-about

Forbes. This Is What It Takes To Become A Successful Management Consultant. Feb 26, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/terinaallen/2020/02/26/this-is-what-it-takes-to-become-a-successful-management-consultant/?sh=6f6624354ce1

Beard, D.F., (1998). The status of internship / cooperative education experiences in accounting education. Journal of Accounting Education, 16, 507-516.

Furco, A. (1996). Service Learning and School-to-Work. Journal of Cooperative Education , 1, 7-14. International Education Studies November, 2009 53

McMahon, U., & Quinn, U. (1995). Maximizing the hospitality management student work placement experience: A case study. Education and Training , 37, 13-17.

Saturday, 29 May 2021

How to Carry Out SODIUM MONOGLUTAMATE TEST on SEASONINGS

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How to Carry Out SODIUM MONOGLUTAMATE TEST on SEASONINGS

 SODIUM MONOGLUTAMATE TEST 

AIM: To determine the amount of glutamate in seasoning 

APPARATUS: 250ml conical flask, measuring cylinder, 50ml Beaker. 

REAGENT: 0.1M NaOH, Bromothymol blue 

PRINCIPLE: This is a neutralization reaction between the acid (glutamate) and base (NaOH) 

PROCEDURE: 

Weigh 0.5g of the sample ( in granulated/powder) in a 250ml conical flask

Add 250ml of distilled water using measuring cylinder and heat to boil, then allow to cool

Add 2 drops of Bromothymol blue and titrate against 0.1M NaOH In the burette to a deep blue colour end point is obtained 

Calculation 

% Glutamate = Titre value * 14.7 * 100% 

                         Weight taken

Sunday, 4 April 2021

How to carry out CYANIDE TEST on Cassava Products

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How to carry out CYANIDE TEST on Cassava Products

 CYANIDE TEST 

Cassava roots and leaves should not be consume raw because it contain two cyanogenic glucosides (Linamarin and Lotaustralin), these are decomposed by Linamarase a naturally occurring enzyme in cassava liberating Hydrogen cyanide. Excess cyanide residue from improper preparation of cassava products is known to cause goiters, ataxia, calcific pacreatitis and acute cyanide intoxication cause vomiting, collapse and in some cases even death within one or two hours. Patients of cyanide intoxication can be treated easily by injecting thiosulphate (thiosulphate react with cyanide to form thiocyanate)  

AIM: To determine the presence of cyanide in cassava products 

APPARATUS: 500ml Sample bottle, Spatula, Stirrer 

REAGENT: Chloroform, distilled water, Picric paper 

PRINCIPLE: The reaction of chloroform with cyanogenic glucosides leads to release of hydrogen cyanide which turns the picric paper reddish-brown 

PROCEDURE: 

Weigh 50g of the sample into the 500ml flour ( cassava flour (Garri))

Add 20ml of distilled water and stir

Add 2ml of Chloroform

Insert the Picric paper immediately with one part of it suspended on the sample bottle mouth and cover

Keep in a dark room for 8 hours ( or overnight)

Reddish colouration of the Picric paper indicates the presence of Hydrogen Cyanide

Dip picric paper into 10ml distilled water for 30 minutes and take absorbance of the resulting solution making water your blank at 510nm 

Cyanide concentration = absorbance* 396 

Limit: 10ppm (part per million)

Monday, 1 March 2021

How to carry Out RANCIDITY Test

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How to carry Out RANCIDITY Test

 RANCIDITY 

This is the natural process of decomposition of lipids by either oxidation or hydrolysis or both. The ingestion of rancid lipids can cause the development of many diseases including atherosclerosis, cataract, diarrhea, kidney and heart diseases, cell membrane damage, neurodegeneration and carcinogenesis. 

Vegetable fats are less stable and turn rancid more quickly. Unsaturated fats are more susceptible to oxidation meaning the more polyunsaturated a fat is the faster it will go rancid because the more unstable double bond, the more oxygen react at those points 

TYPE OF RANCIDITY 

OXIDATIVE RANCIDITY: It is also known as Autoxidation, occurs when oxygen is absorbed from the environment. Oxygen is 8 times stable in fat than in water and increase the saturation of the fat. 

HDROLYTIC RANCIDITY: This is also known as Hydrolysis or Enzymatic oxidation occurs in the presence of moisture and absence of air. This is an enzymatic peroxidation, where enzymes found in plants (Lipoxigenase, Cyclooxygenase) and animal (Lipase) can catalyse reaction between water and oil. 

AIM: To determine if a fat or oil will undergo Rancidity 

APPARATUS: Calibrated tube, beaker. 

REAGENT: 0.1% Phloroglucinol, concentrated HCl. 

PROCEDURE: 

Measure 10ml of the sample (heat to liquid if solid and then take 10ml) into a calibrated tube

Add 10ml of concentrated HCl and 10ml of 0.1% Phloroglucinol and shake

The appearance of pink colouration indicates Rancidity.

Sunday, 14 February 2021

How To Analyse Lycopene Content (TOMATO CONTENT)

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How To Analyse Lycopene Content (TOMATO CONTENT)

 How To Analyse Lycopene Content (TOMATO CONTENT) 

Lycopene is a member of the red carotene found in Carrot, Watermelons, pawpaw, etc. Tomato is a red fruit made up of a red pigment call Lycopene. Lycopene is the major antioxidant in tomatoes. Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant without vitamin A activity due to the absence of beta-dione group. 

Importance of Lycopene 

 It serves as antioxidant 

AIM: To determine the amount of Lycopene in Tomato products 

APPARATUS: Separating funnel, Shaker, 100ml volumetric flask, beaker 

REAGENT: Petroleum ether, distilled water 

PRINCIPLE: The Lycopene in Tomato is readily soluble in organic solvent and thus petroleum ether is used to extract it from the product. 

PROCEDURE: 

Weigh 1g of the sample into 100ml volumetric flask, dissolve and made up to the mark with distilled water

From the solution, measure 10ml into a separating funnel and add 40ml of distilled water.

Add 25ml of petroleum ether.

Set up the shaker, connect the separating funnel and leave to shake for 30minutes

Remove the separating funnel from the shaker and decant the lower portion.

Pour the remaining solution into a beaker (after decanting the lower portion) and take to the UV-VIS Spectrometer to read the absorbance, making Petroleum ether as your blank. 



CALCULATION 

Percentage Tomato content (Lycopene) = 1000 * abs * 100 

               282* 1.42* 4 * weight taken 

LIMIT: Minimum of 28%

Monday, 11 January 2021

How to Analyse Protein in Liquid Samples (Formol Titration Method)

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How to Analyse Protein in Liquid Samples (Formol Titration Method)

 How to Analyse Protein in Liquid Samples (Formol Titration Method)

AIM: To determine the amount of protein in a liquid sample. 

APPARATUS: Conical flask, Burette, Retort stand, Clamp,  

REAGENT: 1% Phenolphthalein, 0.1M NaOH, Formaldehyde. 

PRINCIPLE: When formaldehyde (Methanal) is added to a previously neutralised food, the formaldehyde reacts with the side chains of basic amino acid residues such as lysine. This results in the conversion of –NH groups to 2-N=CH groups which leads to loss of basic properties and an increase in the acidity of the protein. The increase in acidity is then measured by titration with sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein as indicator and the increase in acidity is correlated with protein concentration from previous calibrations or a known conversion factor.

PROCEDURE: 

1) Measure 10ml of the sample into a conical flask 2) Add 2-3 drops of 1% Phenolphthalein 3) Titrate against 0.1M NaOH in the burette till a pink colouration is observed, add 2ml of formaldehyde to return to original colour and continue the titration till colour change is obtained again, then add another 2ml of formaldehyde again till a pink colouration appear. 4) Record your titre value and calculate. 

CALCULATION: 

% Protein (MSNF) = Titre value *5.67% 

%protein = T x 0.17 

Where T= ml M NaOH required to neutarlise the acidity produced in 1000 ml milk. 

It may also be used for estimating the non-fat milk solids present in ice cream 

MSNF= Milk Solid Non Fat